Ergothioneine (EGT) CAS 497-30-3

About Ergothioneine

Ergothioneine (2-mercaptohistidine trimethylbetaine, EGT, CAS 497-30-3) is a sulfur-containing amino acid derivative first isolated from ergot fungus. It is produced naturally by certain fungi, bacteria, and cyanobacteria through the methylation of histidine and addition of a thiol group from cysteine. Humans and animals cannot synthesize ergothioneine but obtain it through diet and accumulate it in specific tissues through a dedicated transporter (OCTN1).

Ergothioneine exists primarily in its thione form rather than the thiol tautomer, giving it unusual stability and antioxidant properties. It scavenges reactive oxygen species, chelates heavy metals, and protects cells from oxidative damage. Unlike many antioxidants, ergothioneine does not generate reactive intermediates during oxidation and is not consumed in the process.

Specifications

Applications

Cosmetics & Personal Care

Antioxidant and anti-aging active in serums, creams, and lotions. Ergothioneine protects skin from UV-induced oxidative stress, reduces inflammation, and supports collagen synthesis. Typical concentration ranges from 0.01-0.5% in finished formulations. It is stable across a broad pH range (3-10) and compatible with most cosmetic ingredients. Often used in combination with vitamin C, ferulic acid, or resveratrol for synergistic antioxidant protection.

Nutraceuticals & Dietary Supplements

Antioxidant supplement ingredient in capsules, tablets, and functional beverages. Ergothioneine is marketed for cellular protection, healthy aging, and cognitive support. Typical oral dosage is 5-20 mg per day. The body accumulates ergothioneine in mitochondria, red blood cells, and the brain through the OCTN1 transporter, suggesting specific physiological roles beyond general antioxidant activity.

Pharmaceutical & Biomedical

Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipient in development for conditions involving oxidative stress, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and eye health. Used in cell culture media as a protective agent for sensitive cell types. Also investigated as a radioprotector and anti-inflammatory agent.

Animal Nutrition

Feed additive for aquaculture and livestock to improve stress resistance, immune function, and meat quality. Ergothioneine supplementation has been shown to reduce oxidative damage during transport and handling stress in fish and shrimp.

Other Uses

Stabilizer and antioxidant in food products, research reagent in biochemical assays, and component in specialty medical devices and wound care products.

Quality Control & Documentation

Each batch is tested before release:

1. Purity analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
2. Identity verification by FTIR and mass spectrometry
3. Specific rotation measurement by polarimetry
4. Moisture content by Karl Fischer titration
5. Heavy metal analysis by ICP-OES
6. Microbiological testing (total plate count, yeast and mold, E. coli, Salmonella)

Available documentation includes COA, TDS, SDS/MSDS, cosmetic grade certificates, allergen declarations, and GMO-free statements. Product is manufactured in facilities compliant with ISO 9001 and GMP standards.

Storage & Handling

Store in a cool, dry, dark place at temperatures below 25°C. Keep containers tightly sealed under inert gas (nitrogen) to prevent oxidation. Protect from light, moisture, and strong oxidizing agents. Use stainless steel, glass, or food-grade plastic equipment. Shelf life is 24 months under proper storage conditions.

Wear protective gloves, safety glasses, and dust mask when handling. Avoid inhalation of dust and prolonged skin contact. Ergothioneine is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for its intended uses but should be handled according to standard laboratory practices. In case of eye contact, flush with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is ergothioneine the same as glutathione?

No. Both are sulfur-containing antioxidants, but ergothioneine is more stable, does not require enzymatic recycling, and accumulates in specific tissues through the OCTN1 transporter. Glutathione is a tripeptide that requires glutathione reductase for regeneration and is rapidly oxidized outside cells.

What is the difference between natural and synthetic ergothioneine?

Chemically identical. Natural ergothioneine is extracted from mushrooms or fungal fermentation, while synthetic is produced through chemical synthesis. Both have the same molecular structure and activity. Synthetic versions typically offer higher purity and more consistent supply.

Can ergothioneine be used in oral care products?

Yes, ergothioneine is suitable for toothpaste, mouthwash, and oral care formulations. Its antioxidant properties help reduce gum inflammation and protect oral tissues from oxidative damage. It is stable in typical oral care pH ranges (6-8).

What is the minimum order quantity?

Standard packaging includes 1 kg, 5 kg, and 25 kg drums. Smaller sample sizes (10-100 g) are available for formulation development. Full kilogram pricing is available for bulk orders. Lead time is typically 2-4 weeks for standard grades.