Caryophyllene Oxide (CAS 1139-30-6) | Natural Sesquiterpene

Introduction to Caryophyllene Oxide

Caryophyllene Oxide is a naturally occurring bicyclic sesquiterpene epoxide formed by the oxidation of β-caryophyllene. It is predominantly isolated from the essential oils of clove buds, eucalyptus, and hemp. In the flavor and fragrance (F&F) industry, it is highly valued for its tenacious woody, spicy, and earthy scent profile, acting as an excellent base-note fixative that extends the longevity of complex perfume formulations.

Beyond perfumery, cosmetic chemists incorporate it into topical skincare formulations for its soothing and antioxidant properties. The primary processing advantage is its high thermal stability and compatibility with lipid bases, allowing easy incorporation into oil-in-water emulsions and anhydrous serums. The critical handling characteristic is its temperature-dependent phase change: it solidifies into a crystalline mass at standard room temperature and must be gently warmed in a water bath (below 70 °C / 158 °F) to liquefy for precise dosing.

Key Features of Caryophyllene Oxide

• Premium fragrance fixative. Low volatility and high molecular weight anchor volatile top notes, extending the scent trail and longevity of fine fragrances and home care products.
• 100% Natural origin. Sourced via green extraction and oxidation from botanical essential oils, meeting strict ISO 9235 natural standards for clean-label cosmetics and perfumery.
• Excellent lipid solubility. Dissolves readily in carrier oils, ethanol, and cosmetic esters, ensuring homogenous dispersion in serums, creams, and anhydrous balms without recrystallization at skin temperature.
• Bioactive skincare benefits. Exhibits natural soothing, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, making it a functional active in anti-aging and sensitive skin formulations.

Caryophyllene Oxide Chemical & Physical Properties

Applications of Caryophyllene Oxide

Fine Fragrance and Perfumery: Dosed at 1–5% in the fragrance concentrate. Acts as a base-note fixative that slows the evaporation of citrus and floral top notes, imparting a warm, woody, and slightly spicy dry-down to eau de parfums and colognes.

Cosmetic and Skincare Formulations: Incorporated at 0.1–1.0% in anti-aging creams, balms, and serums. Its lipophilic nature allows deep penetration into the stratum corneum, providing antioxidant protection and soothing irritated skin barriers.

Aromatherapy and Home Care: Blended into candles, diffuser reeds, and linen sprays. Its low vapor pressure ensures a slow, sustained release of woody aromas, creating a grounding and calming ambient atmosphere.

Storage & Safety Precautions for Caryophyllene Oxide

• Storage: Keep tightly sealed in original aluminum bottles or HDPE drums in a cool, dry warehouse between 15–25 °C (59–77 °F). Protect from direct sunlight and oxidizing agents. The epoxide ring is stable but can slowly degrade if exposed to prolonged high heat or strong acids.
• Safety: Not classified as a hazardous material (Non-DG). However, like many concentrated terpenes, it may cause skin sensitization in susceptible individuals. Wear nitrile gloves and safety goggles when handling the hot liquid form. Avoid direct skin contact with the concentrated raw material.
• Transport: Caryophyllene Oxide is Non-DG under IATA/IMDG/ADR. No UN number. Ship in standard dry containers. During winter transit, the material will solidify; this is normal and does not affect quality.
• QC note: Verify purity (≥ 98.0%) and optical rotation via GC and polarimetry upon receipt. A rancid or off-odor indicates oxidative degradation of the terpene backbone; reject such lots.

Caryophyllene Oxide FAQ

Q: How does Caryophyllene Oxide differ from β-Caryophyllene?

A: β-Caryophyllene is a volatile hydrocarbon with a sharp, spicy top-note. Caryophyllene Oxide contains an epoxide oxygen group, making it heavier, less volatile, and an excellent base-note fixative with a smoother, earthier scent profile.

Q: The product arrived completely solid in the drum. Is it ruined?

A: No. Caryophyllene Oxide naturally crystallizes below 62 °C (144 °F). Place the sealed container in a warm water bath (max 70 °C / 158 °F) until it melts back into a clear liquid. Never use direct high heat or open flames, which can degrade the epoxide ring.

Q: Is this material suitable for clean-label or natural cosmetics?

A: Yes. When sourced via physical oxidation of natural essential oils, it complies with ISO 9235 standards for natural origin, making it ideal for vegan, clean-label, and botanical skincare lines.